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To report the first case of chronic disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis in China. A 49-year-old male patient presented with papules and nodules of the skin for 1 year, and papules and ulcers on the oral mucosa for 2 months. Skin examination showed the edema of the left foot, multiple crusting ulcers on the sole of the left foot, ulcers with a granular base in the interdigital regions between the third and fourth toes as well as fourth and fifth toes of the left foot, accompanied by punctate hemorrhage and exudation; there were multiple papules, nodules, and plaques on the dorsum and medial side of the left foot and the left knee, with ulcers and crusts in the center; 2 papules were observed on the left wrist, and 1 papule on the left upper lip with a crusted surface; red plaques with ulcers and punctate hemorrhage were observed on the gingival mucosa, buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, and palate, and the lesions mainly occurred on the left side. Ultrasonography of superficial lymph nodes showed bilateral cervical and supraclavicular lymph node enlargement, which was more obvious on the left side. Computed tomography of the chest and abdomen showed diffuse miliary nodular shadows, and cordlike, cloudy flocculent and nodular high-density shadows in both lungs, as well as obvious thickening of the left adrenal gland in the abdomen. Yeast cells were observed by immunofluorescent staining of biopsy tissues from the oral mucosa and left lower limb. Histopathological examination of biopsy tissues from the oral mucosa and left lower limb showed granulomatous inflammation, and refractive double-membrane yeast cells could be observed inside or outside the multinucleated giant cells, without or with a single bud or multiple buds; periodic acid-Schiff staining and hexamine silver staining of the above biopsy tissues were positive. Fungal culture of the left lower limb lesion in Sabouraud dextrose agar medium at 25℃ and 37℃ both yielded fungal hyphae. Metagenomics sequencing of the oral mucosal tissue and alveolar lavage fluid indicated the infection with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. The diagnosis of chronic disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis was confirmed. After 1-month oral treatment with itraconazole capsules at a dose of 400 mg/d, the lesions on the skin and oral mucosa markedly improved, and computed tomography imaging of the lung and left adrenal gland also showed obvious improvement. The dose of itraconazole was reduced to 200 mg/d after 3 months. The patient′s condition further improved during a 10-month follow-up.
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Objective:To investigate differences in clinical characteristics between bullous pemphigoid (BP) patients with stroke and those without, and their relationship with the prognosis of stroke.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on medical records of 330 BP inpatients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2012 to April 2020. These patients were divided into BP + stroke (ST) group and BP - ST group according to whether they were accompanied by stroke, and clinical manifestations and relevant laboratory examination results were compared between the two groups. According to the stroke outcome score assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS), patients in the BP + ST group were further divided into good-prognosis ST group (mRS ≤ 2 points) and poor-prognosis ST group (mRS > 2 points), and subgroup analysis was conducted. Correlations between measurement data (such as age, disease course and laboratory examination results) and mRS scores were analyzed.Results:In the BP - ST group (256 cases), 151 were males and 105 were females, and their age ranged from 19 to 92 (66.8 ± 13.6) years; in the BP + ST group (74 cases), 45 were males and 29 were females, and their age ranged from 48 to 92 (74.6 ± 9.6) years; Compared with the BP - ST group, the BP + ST group showed older age ( t = -5.57, P < 0.001), shorter disease course of BP ( Z = -3.07, P = 0.002), and higher anti-BP180 IgG antibody levels (215.0 [157.2, 283.1] U/ml vs. 155.0 [63.9, 279.8] U/ml; Z = -2.12, P = 0.034). The distribution of skin lesions significantly differed between the two groups ( χ2 = 10.51, P = 0.015), and the BP + ST group showed a significantly lower proportion of patients with generalized lesions ( P<0.05), but a higher proportion of patients with lesions on the limbs ( P<0.05). Subgroup analysis showed significant differences in the patients′ age, BP course, lesion distribution and anti-BP180 IgG antibody levels among the good-prognosis ST group, poor-prognosis ST group and BP - ST group ( F = 10.83, P<0.001; Z = 17.24, P<0.001; χ2 = 15.57, P = 0.026; Z = 6.29, P = 0.043, respectively). There was no significant difference in the age between the good-prognosis ST group and poor-prognosis ST group (adjusted P = 1.000), but the patients were significantly older in the two above groups than in the BP - ST group (adjusted P = 0.001, 0.007, respectively) ; the poor-prognosis ST group showed significantly shorter BP courses (adjusted P = 0.016, < 0.001, respectively) and a higher proportion of patients with lesions on the limbs (both P < 0.05) compared with the good-prognosis ST group and BP - ST group, and significantly higher serum anti-BP180 IgG antibody levels compared with the BP - ST group (226.2 [163.6, 285.8] U/ml vs. 155.0 [63.9, 279.8] U/ml; adjusted P = 0.037). There were no significant differences in the gender distribution, lesional morphology, percentages and counts of peripheral blood eosinophils, serum total IgE levels, and anti-BP230 IgG antibody levels between the BP + ST group and BP - ST group (all P > 0.05), or among the good-prognosis ST group, poor-prognosis ST group and BP - ST group (all P > 0.05). Correlation analysis in the BP + ST group showed a significantly negative correlation between the BP course and mRS scores ( r = -0.33, P = 0.004), and a significantly positive correlation between the anti-BP180 IgG antibody levels and mRS scores ( r = 0.34, P = 0.032) . Conclusion:There were differences in the patients′ age, BP course, lesion distribution, and anti-BP180 IgG antibody levels between the BP patients with stroke and those without, and the differences were more obvious between the poor-prognosis ST group and BP - ST group.
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A 10-day-old male infant presented with skin erythema and blisters for 6 days. Skin examination showed scattered or confluent erythema all over the body, tense blisters of varying sizes on the normal skin or an erythematous base, and some blisters were ulcerated and erosive; bloody bullae and erythematous erosive patches could be seen on the oral mucosa. Histopathological examination revealed subepidermal blisters, and there were some neutrophils and a few eosinophils in the blisters. Direct immunofluorescence assay showed homogeneous linear IgA and granular C3 deposits along the basement membrane zone, without IgG deposits. The diagnosis of neonatal linear IgA bullous dermatosis was confirmed. After comprehensive treatments including nutritional support and anti-infection treatment, skin erythema and blisters subsided, and the mucosal damage was attenuated. The telephone follow-up 16 months after discharge showed that the infant was in good general condition with normal growth and development, and the oral mucosal lesions had subsided and healed, without new skin lesions.
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Objective:To investigate clinical features, treatment and prognosis of herpes zoster during pregnancy or the perinatal period.Methods:Clinical data were collected from female inpatients with herpes zoster during pregnancy or the perinatal period in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2011 to December 2020, and clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 25 patients were included in the study, including 22 pregnant patients at 10 - 38 gestational weeks (1 in the first trimester, 13 in the second trimester, and 8 in the third trimester) and 3 patients during the first postpartum week; their age ranged from 22 to 37 years, and the disease course varied from 2 to 9 days. Skin lesions were located on the head and face in 8 cases, on the chest and back in 5, on the waist and abdomen in 7, on the upper limbs in 1, on the lower limbs in 3, as well as on the perineum in 1; 3 patients presented with disseminated herpes zoster. The patients all presented with erythema, papulovesicles and blisters, which were accompanied by bloody bullae in 4 patients, by bullae in 3, as well as by erosions and exudations in 6; 5 patients had fever, 7 had mild pain, 6 had moderate pain, and 11 had severe pain. Sixteen pregnant patients and 3 postpartum patients received antiviral therapy (oral or intravenous infusion of acyclovir, vidarabine monophosphate, foscarnet sodium-sodium chloride injection) , 24 patients were treated with neurotrophic drugs, 1 pregnant patient and 3 postpartum patients received analgesic treatment, and other treatments included anti-infective therapy, wet compress, infrared radiation, etc. Preterm delivery occurred in 1 pregnant patient, other pregnant patients had full-term deliveries, and no abnormalities were observed in neonates. Sequelae occurred in 3 pregnant patients, including pain in 1 and pruritus in 2.Conclusion:Among the 25 patients, the treatment of herpes zoster during pregnancy or the perinatal period showed no obvious effect on their fetuses or newborns.
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Objective:To investigate effects of long non-coding growth stasis specific protein 6 antisense RNA1 (lncRNA DLX6-AS1) on the proliferation, migration and invasion of a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line A431, and to explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods:A dual-luciferase reporter system was used to verify the targeting relationship between lncRNA DLX6-AS1 and miR-16-5p, as well as between miR-16-5p and nuclear ubiquitous casein and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1 (NUCKS1) mRNA. Cultured A431 cells were divided into several groups: si-DLX6-AS1 group and DLX6-AS1-NC group transfected with lncRNA DLX6-AS1 inhibitor and its negative control respectively; anti-miR-16-5p group and anti-miR-NC group transfected with miR-16-5p inhibitor and its negative control respectively; si-NUCKS1 group and NUCKS1-NC group transfected with NUCKS1 inhibitor and its negative control respectively; si-DLX6-AS1+ anti-miR-16-5p group transfected with lncRNA DLX6-AS1 inhibitor followed by miR-16-5p inhibitor, and si-DLX6-AS1+ anti-miR-NC group transfected with lncRNA DLX6-AS1 inhibitor followed by anti-miR-NC; si-DLX6-AS1+ anti-miR-16-5p+ si-NUCKS1 group transfected with lncRNA DLX6-AS1 inhibitor, miR-16-5p inhibitor and NUCKS1 inhibitor, and si-DLX6-AS1+ anti-miR-16-5p+ NUCKS1-NC group transfected with lncRNA DLX6-AS1 inhibitor, miR-16-5p inhibitor and NUCKS1-NC. After the above treatment, real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the mRNA expression of lncRNA DLX6-AS1, miR-16-5p and NUCKS1 in A431 cells, Western blot analysis to determine the protein expression of NUCKS1, Cyclin D1 antibody, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and MMP9, cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay to detect cell survival rate, and Transwell assay to evaluate cell migratory and invasive abilities. Two-independent-sample t test was used for comparisons between two groups. Results:Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed targeted binding of lncRNA DLX6-AS1 to miR-16-5p, as well as of miR-16-5p to NUCKS1. Compared with the DLX6-AS1-NC group, the si-DLX6-AS1 group showed significantly increased miR-16-5p expression in A431 cells (3.01 ± 0.31 vs. 1.02 ± 0.10, t = 18.33, P < 0.001) , but significantly decreased protein expression of NUCKS1, Cyclin D1, MMP2 and MMP9 (all P < 0.05) , and significantly decreased cell survival rate and numbers of migratory and invasive cells (all P < 0.05) . Compared with the NUCKS1-NC group, the si-NUCKS1 group showed significantly decreased protein expression of NUCKS1, Cyclin D1, MMP2 and MMP9 in A431 cells (all P < 0.05) , and significantly decreased cell survival rate and numbers of migratory and invasive cells (all P < 0.05) . After inhibition of lncRNA DLX6-AS1 expression, the si-DLX6-AS1+ anti-miR-16-5p group showed significantly decreased miR-16-5p expression in A431 cells (0.34 ± 0.04) compared with the si-DLX6-AS1+ anti-miR-NC group (1.00 ± 0.12, t = 15.65, P < 0.05) , but significantly increased protein expression of Cyclin D1, MMP2 and MMP9, cell survival rate and numbers of migratory and invasive cells compared with the si-DLX6-AS1+ anti-miR-NC group (all P < 0.05) . After inhibition of lncRNA DLX6-AS1 expression and knockdown of miR-16-5p, the si-DLX6-AS1+ anti-miR-16-5p+ si-NUCKS1 group showed significantly decreased protein expression of NUCKS1, Cyclin D1, MMP2 and MMP9 in A431 cells, as well as cell survival rate and numbers of migratory and invasive cells, compared with the si-DLX6-AS1+ anti-miR-16-5p+ NUCKS1-NC group (all P < 0.05) . Conclusion:lncRNA DLX6-AS1 can regulate the proliferation, migration and invasion of A431 cells by targeting miR-16-5p/NUCKS1, suggesting that lncRNA DLX6-AS1 may be a potential molecular target for the treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
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Objective:To evaluate the effects of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LEF1-AS1 on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells, and to explore their mechanisms.Methods:Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma SCC13 cells were divided into si-LEF1-AS1 group transfected with lncRNA LEF1-AS1 interference oligonucleotides (si-LEF1-AS1) , si-NC group transfected with lncRNA LEF1-AS1 nonsense oligonucleotides (si-NC) , miR-612 group transfected with miR-612-overexpressing oligonucleotides, miR-NC group transfected with miR-612 nonsense oligonucleotides (miR-NC) , si-LEF1-AS1+anti-miR-612 group transfected with si-LEF1-AS1 and oligonucleotides against miR-612, and si-LEF1-AS1+anti-miR-NC group transfected with si-LEF1-AS1 and miR-612 nonsense oligonucleotides. Quantitative reverse transcription (qRT) -PCR was performed to determine the relative expression of miR-612 in SCC13 cells, cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay to evaluate cellular proliferative activity, flow cytometry to detect cell apoptosis, Transwell assay to assess migratory and invasive abilities of SCC13 cells, and Western blot analysis to determine protein expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cyclinD1) , cyclinD1 inhibitor p21, Bcl-2 family protein (Bcl-2) , Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax) , matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. The online bioinformatics database LncBase predicted v.2 was employed to predict the complementary sequence between lncRNA LEF1-AS1 and miR-612, and luciferase reporter gene plasmids were constructed by using the complementary/non-complementary sequence, which were co-transfected with miR-612-overexpressing oligonucleotides (miR-612 overexpression group) or miR-NC (overexpression control group) into SCC13 cells in order to verify the binding ability of lncRNA LEF1-AS1 to miR-612. Statistical analysis was carried out by using t test for comparison between two groups, one-way analysis of variance for comparison among multiple groups, and least significant difference (LSD) - t test for multiple comparisons. Results:Compared with the miR-NC group, miR-612 group showed significantly decreased cellular proliferative ability, number of migratory cells and invasive cells (all P < 0.05) , but a significantly increased apoptosis rate ( P < 0.05) . The relative expression of miR-612 ( F = 150.78, P < 0.001) , cellular proliferative activity at 24, 48, 72 hours (all P < 0.05) , apoptosis rate and number of migratory and invasive cells (all P < 0.05) significantly differed among the si-LEF1-AS1 group, si-NC group, si-LEF1-AS1+anti-miR-612 group and si-LEF1-AS1+anti-miR-NC group. Compared with the si-NC group, the si-LEF1-AS1 group showed significantly increased expression of miR-612 and apoptosis rates, but significantly decreased cellular proliferative activity at 48, 72 hours, and number of migratory and invasive cells (all P < 0.05) ; compared with the si-LEF1-AS1+anti-miR-NC group, the si-LEF1-AS1+anti-miR-612 group showed significantly decreased expression of miR-612 and apoptosis rates, but significantly increased cellular proliferative activity at 48, 72 hours, and number of migratory and invasive cells (all P < 0.05) . Western blot analysis showed that the relative protein expression of cyclinD1, p21, Bcl-2, Bax, MMP-2 and MMP-9 significantly differed among the si-LEF1-AS1 group, si-NC group, si-LEF1-AS1+anti-miR-612 group and si-LEF1-AS1+anti-miR-NC group (all P < 0.001) ; compared with the si-NC group, the si-LEF1-AS1 group showed significantly increased protein expression of cyclinD1, Bcl-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9, but significantly decreased protein expression of p21 and Bax (all P < 0.05) ; compared with the si-LEF1-AS1+anti-miR-NC group, the si-LEF1-AS1+anti-miR-612 group showed significantly increased protein expression of cyclinD1, Bcl-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9, but significantly decreased protein expression of p21 and Bax (all P < 0.05) . After co-transfection with complementary sequences, the fluorescence activity was significantly lower in the miR-612 overexpression group than in the overexpression control group ( t = 21.19, P < 0.001) ; after co-transfection with non-complementary sequences, no significant difference was observed in the fluorescence activity between the miR-612 overexpression group and overexpression control group ( t = 0.28, P = 0.78) . Conclusion:lncRNA LEF1-AS1 regulates the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells, likely by targeting miR-612.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in condyloma acuminatum (CA) tissues.Methods A total of 56 patients with CA were enrolled from Department of Dermatology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2016 to September 2017,and skin lesions were obtained before and 1 week after the first ALA-PDT treatment.Immunohistochemical SP method was used to determine the expression of VEGF and PCNA in keratinocytes in the CA tissues.Chi-square test and rank sum test were carried out to analyze differences between pre-and post-treatment expression rate and intensity of VEGF and PCNA,and Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the correlations between the protein expression of VEGF and PCNA.Results The expression rates of VEGF and PCNA in keratinocytes in the CA tissues were 71.43％ (40/56) and 73.21％ (41/56) respectively before ALA-PDT,and 44.64％ (25/56) and 41.07％ (23/46)respectively after ALA-PDT.There were significant differences between pre-and post-treatment expression rate and intensity of VEGF and PCNA (expression rate:x2 =8.25,11.81 respectively,both P ＜ 0.05;expression intensity:H =11.29,12.22 respectively,both P ＜ 0.05).The expression of VEGF was positively correlated with the expression of PCNA in the CA tissues before and after the ALA-PDT treatment (rs =0.202,0.273,respectively,both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expression of VEGF and PCNA decreased in CA tissues after ALA-PDT treatment,which may be one of the mechanisms underlying the treatment of CA with ALA-PDT.
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Objective@#To evaluate the effect of aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in condyloma acuminatum (CA) tissues.@*Methods@#A total of 56 patients with CA were enrolled from Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2016 to September 2017, and skin lesions were obtained before and 1 week after the first ALA-PDT treatment. Immunohistochemical SP method was used to determine the expression of VEGF and PCNA in keratinocytes in the CA tissues. Chi-square test and rank sum test were carried out to analyze differences between pre- and post-treatment expression rate and intensity of VEGF and PCNA, and Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the correlations between the protein expression of VEGF and PCNA.@*Results@#The expression rates of VEGF and PCNA in keratinocytes in the CA tissues were 71.43% (40/56) and 73.21% (41/56) respectively before ALA-PDT, and 44.64% (25/56) and 41.07% (23/46) respectively after ALA-PDT. There were significant differences between pre- and post-treatment expression rate and intensity of VEGF and PCNA (expression rate: χ2 = 8.25, 11.81 respectively, both P < 0.05; expression intensity: H = 11.29, 12.22 respectively, both P < 0.05) . The expression of VEGF was positively correlated with the expression of PCNA in the CA tissues before and after the ALA-PDT treatment (rs = 0.202, 0.273, respectively, both P < 0.05) .@*Conclusion@#The expression of VEGF and PCNA decreased in CA tissues after ALA-PDT treatment, which may be one of the mechanisms underlying the treatment of CA with ALA-PDT.
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Objective To explore the expressions of livin and Smac in condyloma acuminatum (CA) tissue and their roles. Methods The expressions of Livin and Smac were analyzed by immunocytochemical staining with streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) in tissue specimens from the lesions of 58 patients with CA and foreskin of 20 normal human controls. Results The detection rates of Livin and Smac were 81.03% (47/58) and 77.59% (45/58) in CA lesions, respectively, compared to 25.00% (5/20) and 35.00% (7/20) in the controls, respectively. The expressions of Livin and Smac varied from positive (++) to strongly positive (+++) in CA lesions, and from negative (-) to positive (++) in the controls (both P< 0.05). A positive correlation was found between the expression of Livin and Smac in CA lesions (r = 0.373, P < 0.01). Conclusion There is an over- expression of Livin and Smac in CA tissue, which may be involved in the occurrence and development of CA.
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Objective To explore the expression and significance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat 3), glucose transporter protein 1 (GluT-1) and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PC NA) in lesions of condylomata acuminata (CA). Methods SP immunohistochemistry method was used to measure the expression of Stat 3, GluT-1 and PCNA in tissue samples from 40 cases of CA and 20 normal skin controls. Results The positivity rates of Stat 3, GluT-1 and PCNA were 85.0% (34/40), 87.5% (35/40) and 85.0%(34/40), respectively in CA tissue, 35.0% (7/20), 30.0% (6/20)and 55.0% (11/20),respectively in the control tissue; statistical difference was observed in these rates between the two groups (all P ＜ 0.05). The expression intensity of Stat 3, GluT-1 and PCNA was also higher in CA tissue than that in the controls. In addition, the expression intensity of PCNA was correlated with that of Stat 3 and GluT-1in CA tissue (both P＜ 0.05). Conclusions There is an overexpression of Star 3, GluT-1 and PCNA in CA tissue, and the overexpression of Stat 3 and GluT-1 may be associated with the over-proliferation of CA tissue.